閥門是用來開閉管路、控制流向、調節和控制輸送介質的參數（溫度、壓力和流量）的管路附件。根據其功能，可分為關斷閥、止回閥、調節閥等。

　　Valves are pipeline accessories used to open and close pipelines, control flow direction, regulate and control the parameters of the conveying medium (temperature, pressure, and flow). According to their functions, they can be divided into shut-off valves, check valves, regulating valves, etc.

　　閥門是流體輸送系統中的控制部件，具有截止、調節、導流、防止逆流、穩壓、分流或溢流泄壓等功能。用于流體控制系統的閥門，從最簡單的截止閥到極為復雜的自控系統中所用的各種閥門，其品種和規格相當繁多。

　　Valves are control components in fluid transport systems, with functions such as shut-off, regulation, diversion, prevention of backflow, stabilization, diversion, or overflow pressure relief. Valves used in fluid control systems have a wide variety of varieties and specifications, from the simplest globe valves to various valves used in extremely complex self-control systems.

　　閥門可用于控制空氣、水、蒸汽、各種腐蝕性介質、泥漿、油品、液態金屬和放射性介質等各種類型流體的流動。閥門根據材質還分為鑄鐵閥門，鑄鋼閥門，不銹鋼閥門（201、304、316等），鉻鉬鋼閥門，鉻鉬釩鋼閥門，雙相鋼閥門，塑料閥門，非標訂制閥門等。

　　Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metals, and radioactive media. Valves can be divided into cast iron valves, cast steel valves, stainless steel valves (201, 304, 316, etc.), chromium molybdenum steel valves, chromium molybdenum vanadium steel valves, duplex steel valves, plastic valves, non-standard customized valves, etc. according to their materials.

　　一：截斷類

　　1： Truncation class

　　主要用于切斷流體管道中流體，阻止流體流動，是最常見閥門類型之一。

　　It is mainly used to cut off fluid in fluid pipelines, prevent fluid flow, and is one of the most common types of valves.

　　1、閘閥

　　1. Gate valve

　　閘閥是一個啟閉件閘板，閘板的運動方向與流體方向相垂直，閘閥只能作全開和全關，不能作調節和節流。閘閥通過閥座和閘板接觸進行密封，通常密封面會堆焊金屬材料以增加耐磨性，如堆焊1Cr13、STL6、不銹鋼等。閘板有剛性閘板和彈性閘板，根據閘板的不同，閘閥分為剛性閘閥和彈性閘閥。

　　A gate valve is an opening and closing component, and its movement direction is perpendicular to the fluid direction. A gate valve can only be fully opened and fully closed, and cannot be adjusted or throttled. Gate valves are sealed by the contact between the valve seat and the gate plate, and the sealing surface is usually welded with metal materials to increase wear resistance, such as 1Cr13, STL6, stainless steel, etc. There are rigid gate valves and elastic gate valves. According to the different gate valves, gate valves are divided into rigid gate valves and elastic gate valves.

　　2、截止閥

　　2. Globe valve

　　截止閥分為閘閥、截止蝶閥、截止球閥等，分別適用于不同的介質、溫度和壓力等條件。閘閥適用于中低壓的介質，截止蝶閥結構簡單適用范圍廣，而截止球閥可用于高溫高壓的介質控制。

　　Globe valves are divided into gate valves, globe butterfly valves, globe ball valves, etc., which are suitable for different media, temperatures, pressures, and other conditions. Gate valves are suitable for medium and low pressure media, globe butterfly valves have a simple structure and a wide range of applications, while globe ball valves can be used for controlling high temperature and high pressure media.

　　3、球閥

　　3. Ball valve

　　球閥，啟閉件（球體）由閥桿帶動，并繞球閥軸線作旋轉運動的閥門。亦可用于流體的調節與控制，其中硬密封V型球閥其V型球芯與堆焊硬質合金的金屬閥座之間具有很強的剪切力，特別適用于含纖維、微小固體顆料等的介質。而多通球閥在管道上不僅可靈活控制介質的合流、分流、及流向的切換，同時也可關閉任一通道而使另外兩個通道相連。本類閥門在管道中一般應當水平安裝。球閥按照驅動方式分為：氣動球閥，電動球閥，手動球閥。

　　Ball valve, the opening and closing element (ball) is driven by the valve stem and rotates around the axis of the ball valve. It can also be used for fluid regulation and control, among which the hard sealed V-shaped ball valve has strong shear force between its V-shaped core and the metal valve seat of the welded hard alloy, especially suitable for media containing fibers, small solid particles, etc. The multi way ball valve on the pipeline can not only flexibly control the merging, splitting, and switching of the flow direction of the medium, but also close any channel to connect the other two channels. This type of valve should generally be installed horizontally in pipelines. Ball valves are divided into pneumatic ball valves, electric ball valves, and manual ball valves according to their driving methods.

　　4、蝶閥

　　4. Butterfly valve

　　蝶閥又叫翻板閥，是一種結構簡單的調節閥，可用于低壓管道介質的開關控制的蝶閥是指關閉件（閥瓣或蝶板）為圓盤，圍繞閥軸旋轉來達到開啟與關閉的一種閥。閥門可用于控制空氣、水、蒸汽、各種腐蝕性介質、泥漿、油品、液態金屬和放射性介質等各種類型流體的流動。在管道上主要起切斷和節流作用。蝶閥啟閉件是一個圓盤形的蝶板，在閥體內繞其自身的軸線旋轉，從而達到啟閉或調節的目的。

　　Butterfly valve, also known as flap valve, is a type of regulating valve with a simple structure that can be used for on/off control of low-pressure pipeline media. Butterfly valve refers to a valve whose closing element (valve disc or butterfly plate) is a disc that rotates around the valve axis to achieve opening and closing. Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metals, and radioactive media. It mainly plays a role in cutting off and throttling on pipelines. The butterfly valve opening and closing component is a disc-shaped butterfly plate that rotates around its own axis inside the valve body to achieve the purpose of opening, closing, or adjusting.

　　5、旋塞閥

　　5. Plug valve

　　旋塞閥是關閉件或柱塞形的旋轉閥，通過旋轉90度使閥塞上的通道口與閥體上的通道口相通或分開，實現開啟或關閉的一種閥門。它的閥塞的形狀可成圓柱形或圓錐形。在圓柱形閥塞中，通道一般成矩形；而在錐形閥塞中，通道成梯形。這些形狀使旋塞閥的結構變得輕巧。最適于作為切斷和接通介質以及分流適用，但是依據適用的性質和密封面的耐沖蝕性，有時也可用于節流。

　　A plug valve is a rotary valve with a closing element or plunger shape, which opens or closes by rotating 90 degrees to connect or separate the channel port on the valve plug and the channel port on the valve body. The shape of its valve plug can be cylindrical or conical. In cylindrical valve plugs, the channel is generally rectangular; In the conical valve plug, the channel is trapezoidal. These shapes make the structure of the plug valve lightweight. It is most suitable for use as a cutting and connecting medium as well as for diversion, but depending on the nature of the application and the erosion resistance of the sealing surface, it can sometimes also be used for throttling.

　　6、隔膜閥

　　6. Diaphragm valve

　　隔膜閥是用隔膜作啟閉件封閉流道、截斷流體、并將閥體內腔和閥蓋內腔隔開的截止閥。隔膜常用橡膠、塑料等彈性、耐腐蝕、非滲透性材料制成。 閥體多用塑料、玻璃鋼、陶瓷或金屬襯膠材料制成。 結構簡單、密封和防腐性能較好，流體阻力小。用于 低壓、低溫、腐蝕性較強和含懸浮物質的介質。按結構形式分有屋脊式、截止式、閘板式等。按驅動方式分有手動、氣動、電動。

　　Diaphragm valve is a shut-off valve that uses a diaphragm as an opening and closing element to close the flow channel, cut off the fluid, and separate the inner cavity of the valve body and the inner cavity of the valve cover. Diaphragm is commonly made of elastic, corrosion-resistant, and impermeable materials such as rubber and plastic. Valve bodies are often made of plastic, fiberglass, ceramic, or metal lining materials. Simple structure, good sealing and anti-corrosion performance, and low fluid resistance. Used for media with low pressure, low temperature, strong corrosiveness, and suspended substances. According to the structural form, there are ridge type, cut-off type, gate type, etc. According to the driving mode, there are manual, pneumatic, and electric.

　　二：止回類

　　2： Return type

　　通常用于防止流體倒流，避免管道和設備的破壞。

　　Usually used to prevent fluid backflow and prevent damage to pipelines and equipment.

　　1、緩閉止回閥

　　1. Slow closing check valve

　　緩閉止回閥又稱逆止閥，其作用是防止管路中的介質倒流。啟閉件靠介質流動和力量自行開啟或關閉，以防止介質倒流的閥門。止回閥屬于自動閥類，主要用于介質單向流動的管道上，只允許介質向一個方向流動，以防止發生事故。本類閥門在管道中一般應當水平安裝。

　　Slow closing check valve, also known as check valve, is used to prevent the backflow of medium in the pipeline. A valve that opens or closes by the flow and force of the medium to prevent backflow of the medium. Check valves belong to the category of automatic valves and are mainly used in pipelines where the medium flows in one direction. They only allow the medium to flow in one direction to prevent accidents. This type of valve should generally be installed horizontally in pipelines.

　　2、橡膠瓣止回閥

　　2. Rubber flap check valve

　　用于防止池水倒流至給水系統中的設備，橡膠瓣止回閥的零部件設計主要由閥體、閥蓋及橡膠瓣三種主要零件組成。

　　The rubber flap check valve is a device used to prevent pool water from flowing back into the water supply system. Its component design mainly consists of three main parts: the valve body, valve cover, and rubber flap.

　　3、消聲止回閥

　　3. Silencing check valve

　　消聲止回閥是指依靠介質本身流動而自動開、閉閥瓣，用來防止介質倒流的閥門，又稱逆止閥、單向閥、消聲止回閥逆流閥、和背壓閥。止回閥屬于一種自動閥門，其主要作用是防止介質倒流、防止泵及驅動電動機反轉，以及容器介質的泄放。止回閥還可用于給其中的壓力可能升至超過系統壓的輔助系統提供補給的管路上。止回閥主要可分為旋啟式止回閥（依重心旋轉）與升降式止回閥（沿軸線移動）。

　　Silencing check valve refers to a valve that automatically opens and closes the valve disc based on the flow of the medium itself, used to prevent the backflow of the medium. It is also known as a check valve, one-way valve, silencing check valve, backflow valve, and back pressure valve. Check valve belongs to an automatic valve, whose main function is to prevent medium backflow, prevent pump and drive motor from reversing, and prevent the release of container medium. Check valves can also be used on pipelines to supply auxiliary systems where the pressure may rise above the system pressure. Check valves can be mainly divided into swing check valves (rotating according to the center of gravity) and lift check valves (moving along the axis).

　　三：調節類

　　3： Adjustment category

　　通過調節其閥芯或閥板的開度來控制流體的流量、壓力和溫度等參數。常見的調節閥有調節蝶閥、調節球閥、調節閘閥等。

　　By adjusting the opening of its valve core or valve plate, the flow rate, pressure, temperature and other parameters of the fluid can be controlled. Common regulating valves include butterfly valves, ball valves, and gate valves.

　　1、減壓閥

　　1. Pressure reducing valve

　　減壓閥是通過調節，將進口壓力減至某一需要的出口壓力，并依靠介質本身的能量，使出口壓力自動保持穩定的閥門。從流體力學的觀點看，減壓閥是一個局部阻力可以變化的節流元件，即通過改變節流面積，使流速及流體的動能改變，造成不同的壓力損失，從而達到減壓的目的。然后依靠控制與調節系統的調節，使閥后壓力的波動與彈簧力相平衡，使閥后壓力在一定的誤差范圍內保持恒定。

　　A pressure reducing valve is a valve that adjusts the inlet pressure to a desired outlet pressure, and relies on the energy of the medium itself to automatically maintain a stable outlet pressure. From the perspective of fluid mechanics, a pressure reducing valve is a throttling element with variable local resistance. By changing the throttling area, the flow velocity and kinetic energy of the fluid are altered, resulting in different pressure losses and achieving the purpose of pressure reduction. Then, relying on the adjustment of the control and regulation system, the fluctuation of the pressure behind the valve is balanced with the spring force, so that the pressure behind the valve remains constant within a certain error range.

　　2、壓力調節閥

　　2. Pressure regulating valve

　　壓力調節閥亦稱自力式平衡閥、流量控制閥、流量控制器、動態平衡閥、流量平衡閥，是一種直觀簡便的流量調節控制裝置，管網中應用流量調節閥可直接根據設計來設定流量，閥門可在水作用下，自動消除管線的剩余壓頭及壓力波動所引起的流量偏差，無論系統壓力怎樣變化均保持設定流量不變，該閥這些功能使管網流量調節一次完成，把調網工作變為簡單的流量分配，有效的解決管網的水力失調。流量調節閥主要應用于：集中供熱（冷）等水系統中，使管網流量按需分配，消除水系統水力失調，解決冷熱不均問題。

　　Pressure regulating valve, also known as self operated balance valve, flow control valve, flow controller, dynamic balance valve, flow balance valve, is an intuitive and simple flow regulation control device. The application of flow regulating valve in the pipeline network can directly set the flow according to the design. The valve can automatically eliminate the flow deviation caused by the residual pressure head and pressure fluctuation of the pipeline under the action of water, and maintain the set flow rate unchanged no matter how the system pressure changes. These functions of the valve enable the flow regulation of the pipeline network to be completed in one go, turning the network adjustment work into a simple flow distribution and effectively solving the hydraulic imbalance of the pipeline network. Flow regulating valves are mainly used in centralized heating (cooling) and other water systems to distribute pipe network flow according to demand, eliminate hydraulic imbalance in water systems, and solve the problem of uneven heating and cooling.

　　四：安全類

　　4： Security category

　　在介質壓力超過規定值時， 用來排放多余的介質， 保證管路系統及設備安全，是一種用于控制介質壓力的閥門，能在系統壓力過高時自動打開并排放壓力，以保護系統和設備的安全性。

　　When the medium pressure exceeds the specified value, it is used to discharge excess medium to ensure the safety of the pipeline system and equipment. It is a valve used to control the medium pressure, which can automatically open and discharge pressure when the system pressure is too high to protect the safety of the system and equipment.

　　安全閥

　　Safety valve

　　安全閥是啟閉件受外力作用下處于常閉狀態，當設備或管道內的介質壓力升高超過規定值時，通過向系統外排放介質來防止管道或設備內介質壓力超過規定數值的特殊閥門。安全閥屬于自動閥類，主要用于鍋爐、壓力容器和管道上，控制壓力不超過規定值，對人身安全和設備運行起重要保護作用。注安全閥必須經過壓力試驗才能使用。

　　A safety valve is a special valve that is in a normally closed state when the opening and closing components are subjected to external forces. When the pressure of the medium inside the equipment or pipeline exceeds the specified value, the valve discharges the medium outside the system to prevent the pressure of the medium inside the pipeline or equipment from exceeding the specified value. Safety valves belong to the category of automatic valves, mainly used in boilers, pressure vessels, and pipelines to control pressure not exceeding the specified value, playing an important protective role in personal safety and equipment operation. The safety valve must undergo a pressure test before it can be used.

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