閥門智能化發(fā)展中，不同領(lǐng)域的智能閥門應(yīng)用有哪些差異？

　　What are the differences in the application of intelligent valves in different fields during the development of valve intelligence?

　　閥門智能化在不同領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用存在著顯著差異，以下將詳細闡述各個領(lǐng)域中智能閥門的特點和應(yīng)用情況。

　　There are significant differences in the application of intelligent valves in different fields. The following will elaborate on the characteristics and application of intelligent valves in each field.

　　一、石油領(lǐng)域

　　1、 Petroleum field

　　在石油領(lǐng)域，尤其是在油田開發(fā)中，氣體提升技術(shù)越來越受到重視。氣體提升是一種經(jīng)濟、可持續(xù)的人工舉升弱油井或死油井的方法，在高產(chǎn)量油井中應(yīng)用更為廣泛。智能閥門在這個過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用，例如智能數(shù)字氣體提升閥被應(yīng)用于 Khafji Joint Operation 油田的案例中。通過注入氣體到井管中，智能閥門可以降低油井中產(chǎn)出流體柱的靜水壓力，從而降低井底流動壓力，增加儲層壓力與井底壓力之間的壓差，有助于將產(chǎn)出流體提升到地面。優(yōu)化注入氣體的水平對于最大化產(chǎn)量和油井的財務(wù)性能至關(guān)重要。在石油領(lǐng)域，智能閥門能夠根據(jù)井的參數(shù)如注入點、注入速率和注入壓力進行優(yōu)化，以實現(xiàn)最佳的生產(chǎn)速率，同時最小化氣體注入量，為其他井節(jié)省氣體資源，延長生產(chǎn)資產(chǎn)的使用壽命。

　　In the field of petroleum, especially in oilfield development, gas lift technology is receiving increasing attention. Gas lift is an economical and sustainable method for artificially lifting weak or dead oil wells, and is more widely used in high-yield oil wells. Intelligent valves play an important role in this process, such as the application of intelligent digital gas lift valves in the Khafji Joint Operation oilfield case. By injecting gas into the wellbore, smart valves can reduce the static water pressure of the produced fluid column in the oil well, thereby lowering the bottomhole flow pressure and increasing the pressure difference between the reservoir pressure and the bottomhole pressure, which helps to lift the produced fluid to the surface. Optimizing the level of injected gas is crucial for maximizing production and the financial performance of oil wells. In the petroleum field, intelligent valves can optimize well parameters such as injection point, injection rate, and injection pressure to achieve optimal production rate while minimizing gas injection volume, saving gas resources for other wells and extending the service life of production assets.

　　智能閥門在石油領(lǐng)域還面臨一些挑戰(zhàn)，如缺乏準確及時的生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)。因此，獲取實時數(shù)據(jù)對于評估生產(chǎn)過程和優(yōu)化智能閥門的性能至關(guān)重要。

　　Intelligent valves still face some challenges in the petroleum industry, such as the lack of accurate and timely production data. Therefore, obtaining real-time data is crucial for evaluating the production process and optimizing the performance of intelligent valves.

　　二、農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域

　　2、 In the field of agriculture

　　在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，隨著機電一體化技術(shù)和計算機控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)閥門的數(shù)字化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化變得十分迫切。一種基于 Modbus 現(xiàn)場總線的智能農(nóng)用閥門電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)控制系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計出來，實現(xiàn)了農(nóng)用閥門電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的自動控制和主從分機之間的數(shù)字通信等功能。這種智能閥門能夠提高農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉和施肥等過程的自動化水平，提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率，降低勞動力成本。

　　In the field of agriculture, with the development of mechatronics technology and computer control technology, it has become urgent to achieve digitalization, intelligence, and networking of valves. A smart agricultural valve electric actuator control system based on Modbus fieldbus has been designed, which realizes automatic control of agricultural valve electric actuators and digital communication between master and slave units. This intelligent valve can improve the automation level of agricultural irrigation and fertilization processes, enhance agricultural production efficiency, and reduce labor costs.

　　智能農(nóng)用閥門可以根據(jù)土壤濕度、作物需水量等參數(shù)進行自動調(diào)節(jié)，實現(xiàn)精準灌溉和施肥，減少水資源和肥料的浪費，保護環(huán)境。

　　Intelligent agricultural valves can automatically adjust parameters such as soil moisture and crop water demand, achieving precise irrigation and fertilization, reducing water and fertilizer waste, and protecting the environment.

　　三、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域

　　3、 Industrial sector

　　在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)制造領(lǐng)域，閥門是不可或缺的重要設(shè)備。智能閥門在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，如在火力發(fā)電廠、發(fā)電站、石油煉油企業(yè)、化工廠等。智能閥門的調(diào)節(jié)能力更為豐富，實用功能更為多元化，實現(xiàn)了閘門的自動化控制，讓閥門的開啟和關(guān)閉能夠結(jié)合特定生產(chǎn)條件自主把控，同時還設(shè)定了相應(yīng)的保護機制，讓閥門運行更加安全穩(wěn)定和智能化。

　　In the field of industrial production and manufacturing, valves are indispensable and important equipment. Intelligent valves are widely used in industrial fields, such as thermal power plants, power stations, petroleum refining enterprises, chemical plants, etc. The adjustment capability of intelligent valves is more abundant, and their practical functions are more diversified. It realizes the automation control of gates, allowing the opening and closing of valves to be independently controlled according to specific production conditions. At the same time, corresponding protection mechanisms are also set up to make valve operation safer, more stable, and intelligent.

　　當前較為先進的閥門便是電氣閥門定位器，這類設(shè)備可有效實現(xiàn)人機交互，與各個生產(chǎn)制造場景都具備極高的適配性，其實際應(yīng)用指標也極為優(yōu)異。智能閥門在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用提高了生產(chǎn)效率，降低了生產(chǎn)成本，提高了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。

　　The currently advanced valve is the electric valve positioner, which can effectively achieve human-computer interaction and has high adaptability to various production and manufacturing scenarios. Its practical application indicators are also extremely excellent. The application of intelligent valves in the industrial field has improved production efficiency, reduced production costs, and improved product quality.

　　四、水利領(lǐng)域

　　4、 Water conservancy field

　　在水利領(lǐng)域，針對我國新疆地區(qū)土地干旱，水分下滲和蒸發(fā)比較嚴重導(dǎo)致灌溉過程中水分流失的問題，研制出一款根據(jù)土壤濕度傳感器數(shù)據(jù)和作物需水量進行決策，實現(xiàn)智能灌溉的閥門控制器。該控制器以 STM32 單片機為控制核心，采用太陽能供電的方式，能夠通過土壤濕度傳感器采集的數(shù)據(jù)進行灌溉決策，在土壤含水率低于作物最適宜生長值下限時開啟閥門，當土壤含水率達到田間持水量時關(guān)閉閥門。農(nóng)民能通過手機 APP 遠程獲取土壤濕度數(shù)據(jù)和閥門開關(guān)狀態(tài)信息，并能遠程控制閥門進行灌溉。

　　In the field of water conservancy, a valve controller for intelligent irrigation has been developed based on soil moisture sensor data and crop water demand to address the problem of water loss during irrigation caused by severe land drought, water infiltration, and evaporation in Xinjiang, China. The controller uses STM32 microcontroller as the control core and is powered by solar energy. It can make irrigation decisions based on data collected by soil moisture sensors. The valve is opened when the soil moisture content is lower than the optimal growth value for crops, and closed when the soil moisture content reaches the field capacity. Farmers can remotely obtain soil moisture data and valve switch status information through a mobile app, and can remotely control valves for irrigation.

　　此外，在城市供水工程中，智能壓力減壓閥也得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)的壓力減壓閥只能通過手動擰緊先導(dǎo)閥的調(diào)節(jié)螺紋來改變壓力，而新型智能壓力減壓閥采用步進電機代替手動調(diào)節(jié)先導(dǎo)閥，并在閥前和閥后設(shè)置壓力傳感器，通過深度殘差收縮網(wǎng)絡(luò)訓(xùn)練壓力數(shù)據(jù)，能夠有效及時地判斷泄漏情況。

　　In addition, intelligent pressure reducing valves have been widely used in urban water supply projects. The traditional pressure reducing valve can only change the pressure by manually tightening the adjustment thread of the pilot valve, while the new intelligent pressure reducing valve uses a stepper motor instead of manually adjusting the pilot valve, and sets pressure sensors in front of and behind the valve. The pressure data is trained through a deep residual shrinkage network, which can effectively and timely judge the leakage situation.

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