反滲透裝置在高壓泵提供的1.5MPa工作壓力下運行，通過精密調節濃水排放閥將濃水排放量控制在進水量25%-33%的范圍內，同時確保進水壓力與濃水壓力之間保持約0.3MPa的壓差，這一調節精度直接關系到反滲透膜元件的工作效率和使用壽命。針對DN50及以下管徑的系統，通常選用不銹鋼針型閥作為調節裝置，該閥體憑借其微細的內孔結構實現精確的流量控制，其顯著特征是高壓進水端（可達1.5MPa）經過閥體節流后形成急劇的壓力降和微小的流量輸出。

The reverse osmosis device operates at a working pressure of 1.5 MPa provided by the high-pressure pump. By precisely adjusting the concentrated water discharge valve, the concentrated water discharge amount is controlled within the range of 25% -33% of the inlet water volume, while ensuring a pressure difference of about 0.3 MPa between the inlet water pressure and the concentrated water pressure. This adjustment accuracy directly affects the working efficiency and service life of the reverse osmosis membrane element. For systems with pipe diameters of DN50 and below, stainless steel needle valves are usually used as regulating devices. The valve body achieves precise flow control with its fine inner hole structure, and its notable feature is the sharp pressure drop and small flow output formed by the high-pressure inlet end (up to 1.5 MPa) after being throttled by the valve body.

在閥門密封性能優化方面，可采取以下技術措施：對于未采用密封油脂的閥門，注入專用密封油脂能有效提升閥桿部位的密封效果；采用多層復合填料結構（如雙層或多材質組合）比單純增加填料數量（例如從3片增至5片）更能顯著改善密封性能；鑒于聚四氟乙烯填料在-20℃至200℃工況下易老化的缺陷，可采用耐溫范圍更廣（-200℃至600℃）的柔性石墨填料進行替換，雖然石墨填料存在初始使用階段可能出現回差增大和爬行現象的技術難點，但其長效穩定的密封特性使其成為高溫工況下的優選方案。

In terms of optimizing valve sealing performance, the following technical measures can be taken: for valves that do not use sealing grease, injecting specialized sealing grease can effectively improve the sealing effect of the valve stem; The use of multi-layer composite packing structures (such as double-layer or multi material combinations) can significantly improve sealing performance compared to simply increasing the number of fillers (such as increasing from 3 to 5 pieces); Considering the aging defect of polytetrafluoroethylene packing under -20 ℃ to 200 ℃ working conditions, flexible graphite packing with a wider temperature range (-200 ℃ to 600 ℃) can be used as a replacement. Although graphite packing may have technical difficulties such as increased backlash and crawling during the initial use stage, its long-term stable sealing characteristics make it the preferred solution under high temperature working conditions.

對于高壓差（△P）工況，通過調整介質流向使較低壓力端（P2）位于閥桿側能有效降低密封難度，這一技術方案特別適用于波紋管閥等高壓閥門的設計優化。在高溫高壓密封結構改進方面，將傳統的平面密封升級為透鏡墊密封可顯著提升上/下閥蓋及閥座部位的密封可靠性。此外，針對傳統石棉墊片在高溫環境下易失效的問題，采用金屬纏繞墊片或彈性"O"形環等新型密封元件已成為行業普遍認可的解決方案，這些改進措施能有效延長設備維護周期并降低介質泄漏風險。

For high-pressure differential (△ P) conditions, adjusting the flow direction of the medium to position the lower pressure end (P2) on the valve stem side can effectively reduce the difficulty of sealing. This technical solution is particularly suitable for the design optimization of high-pressure valves such as bellows valves. In terms of improving the high-temperature and high-pressure sealing structure, upgrading the traditional flat seal to a lens gasket seal can significantly enhance the sealing reliability of the upper/lower valve cover and valve seat. In addition, to address the issue of traditional asbestos gaskets being prone to failure in high-temperature environments, the use of new sealing components such as metal wound gaskets or elastic "O" rings has become a widely recognized solution in the industry. These improvement measures can effectively extend equipment maintenance cycles and reduce the risk of medium leakage.

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